The Thévenin equivalent circuit for any linear network at a given pair of terminals consists of a voltage source vTH in series with a resistor RTH. The voltage vTH and resistance RTH can be obtained as follows:
1. vTH can be found by calculating or measuring the open-circuit voltage at the designated terminal pair on the original network.
2. RTH can be found by calculating or measuring the resistance of the open-circuit network seen from the designated terminal pair with all independent sources internal to the network set to zero. That is, with independent voltage sources replaced with short circuits, and independent current sources replaced with open circuits. (Dependent sources must be left intact, however.)
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